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Markets Rally After Federal Rate Hike
On 28 July 2022, the Federal Reserve went through with another 75-bp rate hike. This was broadly expected going into the meeting, with the market assigning a 76.3% probability of a 75-bp hike one hour prior to the meeting, with a (previously) 23.7% chance of a 100-bp (1.0%) rate hike taking place. After the meeting and press conference, the latest market data puts the most favorable odds on 100 bps of hiking left to do by the end of the year, across three more Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings.
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Source: Chicago Mercantile Exchange FedWatch Tool
Going into the meeting, assets such as equities and bitcoin were moving up in tandem, as the expectation of a dovish and neutral Fed relative to prior meetings increased investors’ appetite for risk. Focusing on bitcoin specifically, sizable positions could be seen being taken in the derivatives market before the 2:00pm EDT announcement, with a large TWAP (time-weighted average price) bot clearly visible in the open interest data.
Source: Coinalyze
Some big $BTC bulls on FTX going into FOMC pic.twitter.com/CWAE0BxGKZ
— Dylan LeClair 🟠 (@DylanLeClair_) July 27, 2022
With the large TWAP position presumably opening up longs, heading into the meeting there was a noticeable skew in the liquidation levels for long/short positions for the two biggest assets in the crypto market, leaving shorts particularly vulnerable.
Source: TheKingFisher
Source: TheKingFisher
Let’s return to the FOMC meeting and the comments made by Powell. Here are some of the most notable comments throughout the course of the press conference:
- “The labor market is extremely tight, inflation is far too high.”
- “We think we need a period of growth below potential to create some slack.”
- “We don’t think we have to have a recession.”
- “Our thinking is that we want to get to moderately restrictive level by end of this year… that means 3% to 3.5%.”
- “It’s likely that the full effect of rate increases has not been felt yet.”
- “The Fed would not hesitate on a larger move [rate hikes] if need.”
- “We are looking for compelling evidence inflation coming down over next few months.”
- “Pace of rate increases will depend on data.”
- “It’s necessary to have a growth slowdown.”
- “We think we need a period of growth below potential to create some slack [in the labor market].”
- “I don’t think the US is currently in a recession.”
- “No one can be sure on whether we can achieve a soft landing.”
The comments from Powell that were particularly notable were the abandonment of Fed forward guidance in the form of future rate hikes, which is a shift from prior Fed meetings. This action gives the Fed the flexibility to pivot if/when needed in the future, which was obviously a positive sign for markets over the short term.
Looking further forward from beyond today’s meeting, the old adage of “Don’t Fight the Fed” still holds true, and despite the more bullish outcome being chosen today (a 75-bp hike rather than a 100-bp hike), the result for financial market conditions is still net tightening, which will likely take some time to be felt by markets.
The regime over the previous decade as inflation remained extremely low was one of “buy the dip.” While inflation is this elevated, the Fed’s dual mandate necessitates action, and with year-over-year readings still close to double digits in the United States, Fed watchers instead are in a “sell the rip” mentality.
Long-term investors and more active risk managers alike would do best to assess the probability of an all-time bottom being set in place for equities and crypto markets, or rather if this is yet another bear market rally.
In a previous issue, Caution: Bear Market Rallies, we covered the dynamics of bear market rallies in both equity markets and in bitcoin to provide our readers with historical context.
For readers looking for more on the state of the markets and the global economic outlook, Bitcoin Magazine’s upcoming July Monthly Report will go into much more extensive detail on the interplay of geopolitics, monetary policy and financial markets. The report will be released to paying subscribers this following Monday.
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